Steel facts: Sources and photo credits
Steel facts 2019 - sources:
Note: In all cases where the source is not listed, the facts are sourced from the World Steel Association (worldsteel).
Page 9: Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 and John Emsley, The Elements, 3rd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.
Page 12-13: White Book of Steel publication, worldsteel, 2012
Page 14: World Steel in Figures 2020, worldsteel
Page 20: Sustainable Steel, Indicators 2020 and steel applications, worldsteel
Page 24: Sustainable Steel, Indicators 2020 and steel applications, worldsteel
Page 32: worldsteel by-product report, 2010
Page 33: euroslag.com
Page 33: Sustainable Steelmaking, Boston Consulting Group, 2009, p 14
Page 34: Energy use in the steel industry, worldsteel 2014
Page 37.1: Water management in the steel industry report, worldsteel 2011
Page 37.2: HBIS Group Co., Ltd
Page 45: 9, Cambridge Avenue, Slough, UK, sturgis carbon profiling llp
Page 46: repoweringsolutions.com
Page 47: The Value of Remanufactured Engines: Life‐Cycle Environmental and Economic Perspectives, Smith, VM. And Keoleian G.A.
Page 51: thyssenkrupp
Page 54: Sustainable Steel, Indicators 2020 and steel applications, worldsteel
Page 67: worldsteel calculation: estimated global revenue from steel-producing entities only; Sustainable Steel, Indicators 2020 and steel applications, worldsteel
Page 69: The role of steel manufacturing in the global economy, Oxford Economics 2019
Page 76: http://ispatguru.com/preference-of-steel-as-a-material-of-construction/
Pag 78.1e: https://www.britannica.com/technology/building-construction/Early-steel-frame-high-rises
Page 78.2: The skyscraper centre, November 2020
Page 77.1: ArcelorMittal calculation
Page 77.2: https://www.worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/life-cycle-thinking/case-studies/Independent-research-demonstrates-steel-has-lowest-life-cycle-impact.html
Page 79: Allwood J.M., Cullen, UIT Cambridge, 2012
Page 81: https://www.history.com/topics/brooklyn-bridge
Page 82: ArcelorMittal
Page 83: Allwood J.M., Cullen, UIT Cambridge, 2012
Page 86: Steel Framing Alliance
Page 89: WorldAutoSteel
Page 90: Ford Model T: The Car That Put the World on Wheels, by Lindsay Brooke, 2008
Page 91 - 92: WorldAutoSteel based on the current market situation/https://automotive.arcelormittal.com/News/2791/AHSSforAudiA8
Page 93: WorldAutoSteel, UCSB Model
Page 96: https://www.thyssenkrupp-steel.com/en/industries/automotivetrucks/e-moblity/
Page 99: www.apeal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Info-Pack-3-Nutritional-value.pdf
Page 100: Steel Recycling Institute; APEAL
Page 101 : https://www.apeal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/APEAL_30th_Anniversary-1.pdf and thyssenkrupp
Page 102: https://www.apeal.org/news/steel-packaging-recycling-in-europe-reaches-795/; http://steelcan.jp/support/english.html
Page 105: https://www.apeal.org/where-is-it-used/
Page 108: Tenaris
Page 109: https://www.rosneft.com/press/news/item/188679
Page 111: UN Environment Programme, The Emissions Gap Report 2017, page Xvii (reference to 2° scenario)
Page 112: https://wenku.baidu.com/view/d243b24a6137ee06eff918dd.html
Page 112: http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/dashboard/?topic=4&subTopic=19; https://fce.arcelormittal.com/repository2/fce/Brochures/Windenergy_brochure_EN.pdf
Page 113: http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/dashboard/?topic=4&subTopic=19
Page 117: http://www.nssmc.com/en/news/20140416_100.html
Page 119: UIC, High Speed Rail, Fast Track to Sustainable Mobility, 2012
Page 122: Maersk
Page 123.1: https://www.marineinsight.com/maritime-law/guide-shipping-container-dimensions/
Page 123.2: Bureau of Waterworks, Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Page 125: https://www.ssab.com/company/newsroom/media-archive/2018/03/28/11/36/untapped-potential-for-highstrength-steels-in-agriculture
Page 126: http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/Team_Stainless_Disinfection_of_stainless_steel_in_hospitals.pdf
Steel facts 2018 - photo credits
Page 10: Musée des Confluences, Lyon, France, copyright: Sergio Pirrone
Page 14: Baotou Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. - Worker inspecting steel coils - photography: worldsteel/Shawn Koh
Page 20: POSCO - Wire rods - photography: worldsteel/Seong Joon Cho
Page 22: Baotou Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. - Rails ready for transportation - photography: worldsteel/Shawn Koh
Page 24: Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK Group) - Storage of heavy plates at NLMK DanSteel - photography: worldsteel/Robert Kolykhalov
Page 25: Angel of the North near Gateshead, Tyne & Wear, England, photography: David Wilson Clarke, Creative Commons via Wikipedia
Page 28-29: Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK Group) - HDG in storage - photography: worldsteel/Robert Kolykhalov
Page 32: POSCO - Ladle - photography: worldsteel/Seong Joon Cho
Page 34: China Steel Corporation
Page 35: The Lanzatech laboratory in Illinois, US
Page 36: voestalpine
Page 37.1: Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK Group) cooling towers
Page 37.2: HBIS Group Co.,Ltd. - A worker checks the status of water treatment equipment at HBIS Tangsteel, photographer: worldsteel/ Shawn Koh
Page 40: Gerdau - recycling programme
Page 45: 9, Cambridge Avenue, Slough, UK, sturgis carbon profiling llp.
Page 46: Vestas
Page 50: Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK Group)
Page 51.1: Ternium - Overview of the dust collector Ternium Guerrero facility - photography: worldsteel/Hristo Shindov
Page 51.2: thyssenkrupp - Fabric filter at Duisburg sinter plant
Page 54: Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK Group)
Page 64-65: POSCO - Gwangyang Works
Page 68: POSCO - Quality control technician in the wire rod plant - photography: worldsteel/Seong Joon Cho
Page 71: Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky (TMMK) - Lexus manufacturing
Page 76: framemecad.com
Page 77: IJsselbrug, Hattem-Zwolle bridge, The Netherlands - design: Quist Wintermans Architekten Rotterdam - www.qwa.nl; photography copyright: Florian Schreiber Fotografie / SSF Ingenieure AG
Page 78: New York Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois, by TonyTheTiger; cropped by Beyond My Ken, 1 October 2012, Creative Commons from Wikimedia Commons
Page 83: acerhogar.com.mx
Page 85: framecad.com
Page 87.1: Production process of billets at NLMK Kaluga, the next-generation EAF mill (NLMK Group)
Page 87.2: World Financial Center Entry Pavilion in New York City, U.S.A provided by Terri Meyer Boake, BES BArch MArch LEED AP, Professor School of Architecture, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Page 90: 1925 Ford Model T touring, built at Henry Ford’s Highland Park Plant in Dearborn, Michigan. This example now resides in Australia, owned by the founder of FordModelT.net ; Creative Commons photo by Mitch Taylor.
Page 94-95: Volvo XC40 steel cage (l) and crash test side impact (r)
Page 95: Hyundai Kona Electric Vehicle
Page 96: Chevrolet B Electric Vehicle
Page 100: Steel cans - Photography: Condes
Page 112: Three Gorges Dam, Sandouping, Hubei Province, China by Shizhao - Creative Commons
Page 117: Baotou
Page 125: SSAB
In all cases where the source of the photograph is not listed below, the photos are retrieved from a photo library or from worldsteel's image library (link).